Coding

Operators in C++ Operators are nothing but symbols that tell the compiler to perform some  specific operations. Operators are of the following types - 1. Arithmetic Operators Arithmetic operators perform some arithmetic operation on one or two  operands. Operators that operate on one operand are called unary  arithmetic operators and operators that operate on two operands are  called binary arithmetic operators. +,-,*,/,% are binary operators. ++, -- are unary operators. Pre-incrementer : It increments the value of the operand instantly. Post-incrementer : It stores the current value of the operand temporarily  and only after that statement is completed, the value of the operand is  incremented. Pre-decrementer : It decrements the value of the operand instantly. Post-decrementer : It stores the current value of the operand temporarily  and only after that statement is completed, the value of the operand is  decremented. Example - int a=10; int b; ...

Switch Statement Switch case statements are a substitute for long if statements that compare a variable to multiple values. After a match is found, it executes the corresponding code of that value case. Syntax: switch (n) { case 1: // code to be executed if n == 1; break; case 2: // code to be executed if n == 2; break; default: // code to be executed if n doesn't match any of the above cases }   Key points : 1.The variable in switch should have a constant value. 2. The break statement is optional. It terminates the switch  statement and moves control to the next line after switch. 3. If break statement is not added, switch will not get terminated and  it will continue onto the next line after switch. 4. Every case value should be unique. 5. Default case is optional. But it is important as it is executed when  no case value could be matched. Examples: Ques1. Write a program to write a simple calculator. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int ...

 Jumps in Loops Jumps in loops are used to control the flow of loops. There are two statements used to implement jump in loops - Continue and Break. These statements are used when we need to change the flow of the loop when some specified condition is met. Ques1. Write a program to print all odd numbers till n. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int n; cout<<"Enter a number: "; cin>>n; for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) { if (i%2==0) { // i is even continue; } cout<<i<<endl; } return 0; } Ques2. Write a program to check if a given number is prime or not. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int n; cout<<"Enter a number: " cin>>n; int i; for (i=2; i<n; i++) { if (n%i==0) { //found a factor of n cout<<"Not a prime"<<endl; break; } } if (i==n) { //loop has completed all iterations cout<<"Prime Number"<<endl; } return 0; } Ques3. Write a program to...

Introduction   Jumps in loops are used to control the flow of loops. There are two statements used to implement jump in loops - Continue and Break. These statements are used when we need to change the flow of the loop when some specified condition is met. 1. Continue Continue statement is used to skip to the next iteration of that loop. This means that it stops one iteration of the loop. All the statements present after the continue statement in that loop are not executed. example : int i; for (i=1; i<=20; i++) { if (i%3==0) { continue; } cout<<i<<endl; } In this for loop, whenever i is a number divisible by 3, it will not be printed as the loop will skip to the next iteration due to the continue statement. Hence, all the numbers except those which are divisible by 3 will be printed. 2. Break Break statement is used to terminate the current loop. As soon as the break statement is encountered in a loop, all further iterations of the loop are stopped and control i...

Conditional statement (if-else)  In conditional control , the execution of statements depends upon the condition-test. If the condition evaluates to true, then a set of statements is executed otherwise another set of statements is followed. This control is also called Decision Control because it helps in making decision about which set of statements is to be executed.  If condition  The if statement is the most simple decision making statement in C++ programming. Using if statement we test some condition, if the condition is true then a block of statements is executed otherwise not. Let's take an example :- If(condition){  //body  } In the above syntax inside the brackets ( ) of if statement we will write our condition. If the condition is true then the statements written within the curly braces { } of if statement will execute otherwise not. We can write our condition using Arithmetic, Relational and Logical operators. Else-if Condition  When a piece of co...

 Loops In computer programming, loops are used to   repeat a block of code  . For example, let's say we want to show a message 1000times , Then instead of writing the print statement 1000 times, we can use a loop. Type of loops 1. For loop 2. While loop 3. Do while loop For loop  For loop uses an external variable to control the execution. A for loop takes into account the                                           Initialization Condition checking Incrementation In its syntax itself. The syntax is shown below:- For(initialization;condition;incrememt){ //body } While loop  Imagine we had to print “Hello World” 100 times or n-number of times. Would it be wise to write cout << “Hello World\n” 100  times. While loops help us automate this. Sometimes, the loop also uses an external initialization and incrementation logic to control how many times t...

Fibonacci Algorithm The Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers in the following order: The numbers in this series are going to start with 0 and 1. The next number is the sum of the previous two numbers. The formula for calculating the Fibonacci Series is as follows: T(n) = T (n-1) + T(n-2) where: T(n) is the term number. 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,and so on Fibonacci series example.  Code for fibonacci series in c++: #include <iostream> using namespace std; void fib(int n){   //void function     int t1=0; //term 1     int t2=1; //term 2     int nextterm;     for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){         cout<<t1<<" ";         nextterm=t1+t2;         t1=t2;         t2=nextterm;         } } int main() {     int n;     cin>>n; //input n     fib(n);  //func...